The art of the Safavid era, in conjunction with the dominant discourses of society, was not only a tool of power but also a symbolic violence. Many Safavid arts, including carpet, were produced in court workshops and were under the direct support and supervision of the court. It is assumed that the court has somehow tried to reflect its interests and worldview in artistic and cultural productions. The motifs, symbols and signs in the carpets of urban style are reflection of the dominant discourses of society and also show the relationships in society, as well as values and norms in it. The research is qulalitative and historical with an analytical descriptive method. it has explained the function of discourse and manifestations of symbolic violence in urban carpet field. The theory used is pierre Bordieu’, s symbolic power Theory. This method helped us to understand special superviosion and attention to quality and production and usage of culture and art by Safavid to develop and deepen its discourses has led to formation of specialized fields in various fields especially new field, Symbolic violence is also the result of the formation of this specialized and allows the artist to create art in a way that conditions of the field of power require.

Written in nine main chapters and 240 pages, the recently published book on the Bourdieusian notion of ‘ symbolic violence’ sets the late sociologist on a critical meeting board with his posteriors to discuss the multifaceted significations, limitations, and overtime evolution of this concept. It opens as the neo-Marxist author Michael Burawoy explains his long-held antagonism towards the French philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, which he had been expounding in various conferences in the last decade. The present volume contains the quintessence of his previous critique now rewritten for Anglophone readers.

Introduction: The following text discusses how different types of violence can have a negative impact on women, leading to passivity. Specifically, the study focuses on symbolic violence within family relationships and how patriarchal norms affect women within the family unit. The text sheds light on forms of violence that are not typically recognized as such by society and highlights how some women adapt to patriarchal norms despite their conflict with egalitarian values. Methods: The study utilized a descriptive correlation research method with the help of a questionnaire. The research was conducted among married women in Tehran, who were selected based on the criteria of development in regions two, six, ten, thirteen, and seventeen. As accurate statistics on women affected by latent violence were not available, four hundred fifty women from these regions were determined as the sample size using a quota sampling method and sample power software. The individual is the unit of analysis in this research, and data analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling. SPSS version 23 was the statistical software used for this research. Results: According to the findings, there is a significant and negative correlation negative forty-nine hundredths and negative twenty-nine hundredths between symbolic violence against women and their self-actualization and child cultural capital, respectively. Moreover, there is a significant and positive correlation six tenths and six tenths between symbolic violence against women and their alienation and depression, respectively.   Conclusions: The study highlights that symbolic violence obstructs women's self-actualization and children's cultural capital growth, leading to depression, alienation, and family problems.

Introduction: Migration, in addition to social, cultural, and economic consequences, undoubtedly has different psychological consequences for immigrants. These consequences can have a huge impact on their mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of symbolic violence and its psycho-social consequences among immigrant students and to determine its final structure in research participants. Methods: The present study is psychological qualitative research with an Interpretative phenomenological analysis approach in which fifteen migrant students consist of six girls and nine boys have been selected and studied in 2017-2018 through purposive sampling. The deep interview method was used to collect data and this process continued until the data saturation stage. Results: Data analysis indicated five components of symbolic violence and its psycho-social consequences in the school context. The components of symbolic violence were: violent language, social and cultural identity violence, and violence through social discrimination. The components of psychological consequences were: passive reactions, and active reactions, each of which is discussed extensively in the text. Conclusions: Given that the results of this study illustrate the numerous psychological and social consequences associated with symbolic violence for immigrant students, policymaking in this area is of great importance that requires attention, recognition, and interaction between different institutions to reduce its undesirable consequences.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, and intervening) conditions, strategies, and consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial and selective coding system showed that gendered inequality and discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence and the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions and rules, and the perpetrators of which are men and women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions and rules that they have, now, internalized and used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) and due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, and commit suicide (strategies), and these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, and sexual violence and even social isolation (consequences).

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Intro: Based on Bourdieusian definition of symbolic violence, the research aims to introduce an index of symbolic violence, capable of quantification and numerical analysis, to give a comprehensive and comparative insight to the social reproduction and the degree each social institution—here specifically the universities— tend to do such a reproduction. Thus, the research targets to give a ranking of Iran’s top universities in accordance to their symbolic violence index. En route to this target, researchers in response to the current socio/political situation and conditions of Iran, established the theoretical framework in the foundation of the “stats-quo” and its philosophical and sociological development of the status-quo in Foucauldian, Derridean & Bourdieusian perspectives. It’s only then become clear the relation between the status-quo, the power relations and the educational system as the reproduction platform of the status-quo. With such a philosophical/theoretical inquiry, the problematique of the research is reformulated into assessing Universities share in maintenance of the status-quo through the medium of “symbolic violence” in education. In accordance to such quest of introducing most symbolically violent university ranking, … criteria extracted from the Bourdieu’s Reproduction (1990), surveyed in Iran’s top universities. Based on MCA analysis of the data and the theory of distinction from Bourdieu, most distinguished criteria have been chosen and implied for a cluster analysis. In the procedure of the cluster analysis, categorial independent variable of the correspondent’s university name has been fixed in order to observe which university has the most dense distribution of other dependent or independent criteria of symbolic violence. That being said, the analysis is a combination of multi correspondence analysis and a clustering analysis based on Xi-2 distribution of the target sample responds to the questionnaire of symbolic violence criteria. Eventually, the symbolic violence criteria is defined by the vector addition of distributed respondents as a characteristic of how dense the whole distribution is over the symbolic violence criteria for each university. Objectives : With the above in mind, the research has been designed to meet the following milestones in the journey to the final ranking of the universities degree of symbolic violence and their share of status-quo maintenance: Clarification of Iran’s undesirable status-quo 2.Definition of the status-quo 3.The relationship between the status-quo and the educational system social reproduction through the symbolic violence 4.extraction of objective symbolic violence criteria in respect to Iran’s higher educational system 5.Recognition of the most critical symbolic violence criteria 6.Ranking Iran’s top universities based on their symbolic violence criteria Findings & Conclusion: Findings indicate that in spite of the collectively high level of the total symbolic violence reproduced in Iran’s top universities; Iran’s most violent universities in respect to the symbolic violence notion, are those of STEM colleges in which they have receive the most application for and have the best reputation in the society. Humanities and Art schools come last in such ranking. Which means the status-quo establishment is dependent to the STEM knowledge-based cultural and social reproduction which is being reproduced mainly at technic universities and Med-schools of Iran.

We need Sociology Theories, For that Understand of Sociology and Politic Problems. French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory Practice and Symbolic Power are our best resource; for Understanding Social and Political Fields.This Article Reviews the Language and Symbolic Power; indicating its Function in social and Political Fields.

Symbolic violence is a concept proposed by Pierre Bourdieu and refers to a form of violence that is non-physical, quiet and hidden which is arising from the norms of society. One of the important areas regarding symbolic violence is the issue of women. Women in today's society, especially in the middle class, are considered to be the main victims of symbolic violence. Considering the importance of cinema in representing society, it has become a suitable platform for providing sociological analysis. Three films of Asghar Farhadi, "About Elly", "A Separation" and "The Salesman" by focusing on the life of the middle class and paying attention to the issue of women, have provided the ability to present a sociological analysis. Considering the importance of the issue of symbolic violence, this research examines the discourse of the characters of these three films to analyze the existence and representation of this form of violence. To achieve this goal, Jonathan Culpeper's theory of impoliteness, which is defined based on social norms, has been chosen as the research method. Finally, this research proves that middle-class women are subject to symbolic violence through themes such as lies, divorce, rape and male ownership in Asghar Farhadi's cinema.

Bourdieu’s sociological theory contains all the elements necessary to form a political theory. Through reviewing the works of Bourdieu attempts have been made in the present paper to discuss those elements and also to reconstruct a political theory by combining them in a theoretical framework. This is a new attempt and has not been yet accomplished. Therefore, in the present paper attempts have been made to utilize the political potentials of Bourdieu’s sociological theory to produce a political theory.